Overview Chemists and materials scientists research and analyze the chemical properties of substances to develop new materials, products, or knowledge. They work in laboratories, offices, and manufacturing facilities. Most work full time. To enter the occupation, chemists and materials scientists typically need at least a bachelor’s degree in chemistry or a related field. However, they may need a master’s degree or Ph.D. for some jobs, such as research positions. The median annual wage for chemists was $84,150 in May 2024. The median annual wage for materials scientists was $104,160 in May 2024. Overall employment is projected to grow 5 percent from 2024 to 2034, faster than the average for all occupations. About 7,000 openings for chemists and materials scientists are projected each year, on average, over the decade, with many openings due to replacement needs. Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for chemists and materials scientists, compare duties, education, pay, and top industries, and learn more about chemists and materials scientists through sources such as O*NET. Most chemists and materials scientists work as part of a team. Duties Chemists and materials scientists typically do the following: Plan and carry out research projects, such as development of products and testing methods Direct technicians and other staff in chemical processing and testing, including ingredients, mixing times, and operating temperatures Collaborate with engineers and other scientists on experiments, product development, and production processes Prepare solutions, compounds, and reagents used in laboratory procedures Analyze substances to determine their composition and concentration of elements Conduct tests on materials and other substances to ensure safety and quality standards Write technical reports that detail methods and findings Present research findings to scientists, engineers, and other colleagues Chemists and materials scientists may work in basic or applied research. In basic research, they investigate properties, composition, and structure of matter and experiment with element combinations. In applied research, they develop new products or improve existing ones, such as medications, batteries, and cleaners. They use computers and laboratory equipment for modeling, simulation, and analysis. For example, they may use three-dimensional modeling software to study molecular structures. Chemists may specialize in fields such as biochemistry or geochemistry. Examples of chemist types include: Analytical chemists Forensic chemists Inorganic chemists Medicinal chemists Organic chemists Physical chemists Theoretical chemists Materials scientists typically specialize by material type (e.g., ceramics, metals, polymers, semiconductors). Chemists must wear protective clothing such as gloves and goggles when handling hazardous chemicals. Chemists and materials scientists work in laboratories and offices, and some work in industrial manufacturing facilities. They may travel occasionally for roles with multiple facilities. Injuries and Illnesses They may be exposed to health or safety hazards when handling certain chemicals. Protective clothing and safety procedures reduce the risk of injury or illness. Work Schedules Most work full time. Occasionally, additional hours may be required to meet project deadlines or perform time-sensitive laboratory experiments. Laboratory experience through internships, fellowships, or work–study programs is useful. Entry typically requires at least a bachelor’s degree, with higher degrees for some positions. Education Chemists and materials scientists typically need a bachelor’s degree in chemistry or a related physical science. Some jobs require a master’s degree or Ph.D. and work experience. Ph.D. holders and postdoctoral experience may lead research teams. Undergraduate programs include chemistry with laboratory components and courses in mathematics, biological sciences, and physics. Materials science may be offered as a specialization, and some engineering programs offer materials science and engineering jointly. Graduate programs may include subfield specializations such as analytical or inorganic chemistry for pharmaceutical research. Accelerated bachelor’s and master’s degree programs in chemistry are also available. Training Workplace laboratory equipment can be expensive and vary from university equipment. New hires may receive training from experienced chemists and materials scientists on proper use of equipment. Internships, fellowships, or cooperative programs in industry also provide useful training. Advancement Advancement typically comes with experience and increased responsibility, or through further education such as pursuing a Ph.D. to lead research teams on larger, more complex projects. Skills The following skills help chemists and materials scientists perform their duties. For more information, see the EP skills data page: Analytical skills Communication skills Interpersonal skills Math skills Organizational skills Perseverance Problem-solving skills Time-management skills Note: All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics. The median wages by industry (May 2024) include top industries such as federal government, chemical manufacturing, and research and development, among others. In May 2024, wage data by top industries included: federal government, R&D in physical/engineering and life sciences, chemical manufacturing, testing laboratories, and more for chemists; and computer/electronic product manufacturing, R&D, chemical manufacturing, etc., for materials scientists. Most chemists and materials scientists work full time, with occasional overtime to meet deadlines. Employment Outlook Demand for chemists and materials scientists is expected to stem from innovations in nanotechnology, biomaterials, and related fields. Chemists will develop improved products and processes, while materials scientists will research and develop affordable, safe, high-quality materials for electronics, energy, transportation, and other uses. Employment projections and industry data are based on the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (OEWS) data and projections program. For state and area data, see projections resources such as projectionscentral.org and CareerOneStop. Last Modified Date: Thursday, August 28, 2025 #J-18808-Ljbffr